Калий
19
K
Група
1
Период
4
Блок
s
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
19
19
20
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
19
Атомна маса
39.0983
Масов номер
39
Категория
Алкални метали
Цвят
Сребърен
Радиоактивни
Не
From the English word, potash - pot ashes; Latin kalium, Arab qali, alkali
Кристална структура
Центрове центрирани кубични
История
Potassium's symbol K comes from 'kalium' the name of the element in Germany and Scandinavia.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 8, 1
Електронна конфигурация
[Ar] 4s1
People whose diets are low in potassium can suffer from hypokalemia
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
0.862 g/cm3
Температура на топене
336.53 K | 63.38 °C | 146.08 °F
Температура на кипене
1032.15 K | 759 °C | 1398.2 °F
Топлина на сливането
2.33 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
76.9 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.757 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
1.5%
Изобилие в вселената
0.0003%
Номер на CAS
7440-09-7
Номер на PubChem CID
5462222
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
227 pm
Ковалентен радиус
203 pm
Електроотрицателност
0.82 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
4.3407 eV
Моларен обем
45.46 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
1.024 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
-1, 1
Приложения
The greatest demand for potash has been in its use for fertilizers.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium must be handled with great care with full skin and eye protection
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
39K, 41KНестабилни изотопи
32K, 33K, 34K, 35K, 36K, 37K, 38K, 40K, 42K, 43K, 44K, 45K, 46K, 47K, 48K, 49K, 50K, 51K, 52K, 53K, 54K, 55K