Галий
31
Ga
Група
13
Период
4
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
31
31
39
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
31
Атомна маса
69.723
Масов номер
70
Категория
След преходни метали
Цвят
Сребърен
Радиоактивни
Не
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Кристална структура
Основно центрирано ортормомично
История
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 3
Електронна конфигурация
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
5.907 g/cm3
Температура на топене
302.91 K | 29.76 °C | 85.57 °F
Температура на кипене
2477.15 K | 2204 °C | 3999.2 °F
Топлина на сливането
5.59 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
256 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.371 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.0019%
Изобилие в вселената
1×10-6%
Номер на CAS
7440-55-3
Номер на PubChem CID
5360835
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
135 pm
Ковалентен радиус
122 pm
Електроотрицателност
1.81 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
5.9993 eV
Моларен обем
11.8 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.406 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
1, 2, 3
Приложения
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
69Ga, 71GaНестабилни изотопи
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga