Рубидий
37
Rb
Група
1
Период
5
Блок
s
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
37
37
48
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
37
Атомна маса
85.4678
Масов номер
85
Категория
Алкални метали
Цвят
Сребърен
Радиоактивни
Не
From the Latin word rubidus, deepest red
Кристална структура
Центрове центрирани кубични
История
German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered rubidium in 1861 by the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy.
The separation of the metal was tried by Bunsen, but he never got samples with more than 18% of Rubidium.
The separation of the metal was only accomplished by George de Hevesy, through the hydrolysis of melted rubidium hydroxide.
The separation of the metal was tried by Bunsen, but he never got samples with more than 18% of Rubidium.
The separation of the metal was only accomplished by George de Hevesy, through the hydrolysis of melted rubidium hydroxide.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 8, 1
Електронна конфигурация
[Kr] 5s1
Rubidium burns with a reddish-violet flame color
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
1.532 g/cm3
Температура на топене
312.46 K | 39.31 °C | 102.76 °F
Температура на кипене
961.15 K | 688 °C | 1270.4 °F
Топлина на сливането
2.19 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
72 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.363 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.006%
Изобилие в вселената
1×10-6%
Номер на CAS
7440-17-7
Номер на PubChem CID
5357696
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
248 pm
Ковалентен радиус
220 pm
Електроотрицателност
0.82 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
4.1771 eV
Моларен обем
55.9 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.582 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
-1, 1
Приложения
Rubidium is used as a getter in vacuum tubes and as a photocell component.
Rubidium compounds are sometimes used in fireworks to give them a purple color.
Rubidium salts are used in glasses and ceramics.
Rubidium-87 is slightly radioactive and has been used extensively in dating rocks.
Rubidium compounds are sometimes used in fireworks to give them a purple color.
Rubidium salts are used in glasses and ceramics.
Rubidium-87 is slightly radioactive and has been used extensively in dating rocks.
Rubidium is not known to be toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
85RbНестабилни изотопи
71Rb, 72Rb, 73Rb, 74Rb, 75Rb, 76Rb, 77Rb, 78Rb, 79Rb, 80Rb, 81Rb, 82Rb, 83Rb, 84Rb, 86Rb, 87Rb, 88Rb, 89Rb, 90Rb, 91Rb, 92Rb, 93Rb, 94Rb, 95Rb, 96Rb, 97Rb, 98Rb, 99Rb, 100Rb, 101Rb, 102Rb