Рутений
44
Ru
Група
8
Период
5
Блок
d
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
44
44
57
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
44
Атомна маса
101.07
Масов номер
101
Категория
Преходни метали
Цвят
Сребърен
Радиоактивни
Не
From the Latin word Ruthenia, Russia
Кристална структура
Обикновен шестоъгълник
История
Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated the element in 1807, but his work was not ratified.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Електронна конфигурация
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Ruthenium is unaffected by air, water and acids
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
12.37 g/cm3
Температура на топене
2607.15 K | 2334 °C | 4233.2 °F
Температура на кипене
4423.15 K | 4150 °C | 7502 °F
Топлина на сливането
25.7 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
580 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.238 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
9.9×10-8%
Изобилие в вселената
4×10-7%
Номер на CAS
7440-18-8
Номер на PubChem CID
23950
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
134 pm
Ковалентен радиус
146 pm
Електроотрицателност
2.2 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
7.3605 eV
Моларен обем
8.3 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
1.17 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Приложения
Ruthenium is used in platinum and palladium alloys to make wear-resistant electrical contacts.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium is a suspected carcinogen and its compounds strongly stain the skin
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104RuНестабилни изотопи
87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 97Ru, 103Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru