Паладий
46
Pd
Група
10
Период
5
Блок
d
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
46
46
60
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
46
Атомна маса
106.42
Масов номер
106
Категория
Преходни метали
Цвят
Сребърен
Радиоактивни
Не
Palladium was named after the asteroid Pallas; Pallas was the Greek goddess of wisdom
Кристална структура
Кубична стенноцентрирана решетка
История
Palladium was discovered in 1803, in London, by English chemist William Hyde Wollaston.
He examined the residues left from platinum after dissolving it in aqua regia, a concentrated solution of hydrochloric and nitric acids.
He then isolated palladium in a series of chemical reactions.
He examined the residues left from platinum after dissolving it in aqua regia, a concentrated solution of hydrochloric and nitric acids.
He then isolated palladium in a series of chemical reactions.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 18
Електронна конфигурация
[Kr] 4d10
In the late 1800s, palladium was more expensive than platinum
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
12.02 g/cm3
Температура на топене
1828.05 K | 1554.9 °C | 2830.82 °F
Температура на кипене
3236.15 K | 2963 °C | 5365.4 °F
Топлина на сливането
16.7 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
380 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.244 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
6.3×10-7%
Изобилие в вселената
2×10-7%
Номер на CAS
7440-05-3
Номер на PubChem CID
23938
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
137 pm
Ковалентен радиус
139 pm
Електроотрицателност
2.2 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
8.3369 eV
Моларен обем
8.9 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.718 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
2, 4
Приложения
The largest use of palladium is in catalytic converters in the automobile industry.
Finely divided palladium is a good catalyst and is used for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.
The metal is used in dentistry, watch making, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts.
Finely divided palladium is a good catalyst and is used for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.
The metal is used in dentistry, watch making, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts.
Palladium is considered to be of low toxicity
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
102Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 108Pd, 110PdНестабилни изотопи
91Pd, 92Pd, 93Pd, 94Pd, 95Pd, 96Pd, 97Pd, 98Pd, 99Pd, 100Pd, 101Pd, 103Pd, 107Pd, 109Pd, 111Pd, 112Pd, 113Pd, 114Pd, 115Pd, 116Pd, 117Pd, 118Pd, 119Pd, 120Pd, 121Pd, 122Pd, 123Pd, 124Pd