Бор
5
B
Група
13
Период
2
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
5
5
6
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
5
Атомна маса
10.811
Масов номер
11
Категория
Металоид
Цвят
Черен
Радиоактивни
Не
От гръцката дума Buraq, персийски Burah
Кристална структура
Обикновен триъгълник
История
Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not discovered until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Gay-Lussac and Thenard.
Boron was not recognized as an element until it was isolated in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard.
Jöns Jakob Berzelius identified boron as an element in 1824.
Boron was not recognized as an element until it was isolated in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard.
Jöns Jakob Berzelius identified boron as an element in 1824.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 3
Електронна конфигурация
[He] 2s2 2p1
Boron is an essential nutrient for all green plants
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
2.34 g/cm3
Температура на топене
2349.15 K | 2076 °C | 3768.8 °F
Температура на кипене
4200.15 K | 3927 °C | 7100.6 °F
Топлина на сливането
50 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
507 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
1.026 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.00086%
Изобилие в вселената
1×10-7%
Номер на CAS
7440-42-8
Номер на PubChem CID
5462311
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
90 pm
Ковалентен радиус
84 pm
Електроотрицателност
2.04 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
8.298 eV
Моларен обем
4.6 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.274 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
1, 2, 3
Приложения
Boron oxide is used in glassmaking and ceramics.
Borax is used in making fiberglass, as a cleansing fluid, a water softener, insecticide, herbicide and disinfectant.
Boric acid is used as a mild antiseptic and as a flame retardant.
Boron shielding is used as a control for nuclear reactors.
Borax is used in making fiberglass, as a cleansing fluid, a water softener, insecticide, herbicide and disinfectant.
Boric acid is used as a mild antiseptic and as a flame retardant.
Boron shielding is used as a control for nuclear reactors.
Elemental boron, boron oxide, boric acid, borates and many organoboron compounds are non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
10B, 11BНестабилни изотопи
7B, 8B, 9B, 12B, 13B, 14B, 15B, 16B, 17B, 18B, 19B