Тулий
69
Tm
Група
Неизвестно
Период
6
Блок
f
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
69
69
100
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
69
Атомна маса
168.93421
Масов номер
169
Категория
Лантаниди
Цвят
Сребърен
Радиоактивни
Не
Named after Thule, the earliest name for Scandinavia
Кристална структура
Обикновен шестоъгълник
История
Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Електронна конфигурация
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Thulium ore occurs most commonly in China
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
9.321 g/cm3
Температура на топене
1818.15 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F
Температура на кипене
2223.15 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F
Топлина на сливането
16.8 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
250 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.16 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.000045%
Изобилие в вселената
1×10-8%
Номер на CAS
7440-30-4
Номер на PubChem CID
23961
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
176 pm
Ковалентен радиус
190 pm
Електроотрицателност
1.25 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
6.1843 eV
Моларен обем
18.1 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.168 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
2, 3
Приложения
Thulium is used to dope yttrium aluminum garnets used in lasers.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
Thulium is considered to be non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
169TmНестабилни изотопи
145Tm, 146Tm, 147Tm, 148Tm, 149Tm, 150Tm, 151Tm, 152Tm, 153Tm, 154Tm, 155Tm, 156Tm, 157Tm, 158Tm, 159Tm, 160Tm, 161Tm, 162Tm, 163Tm, 164Tm, 165Tm, 166Tm, 167Tm, 168Tm, 170Tm, 171Tm, 172Tm, 173Tm, 174Tm, 175Tm, 176Tm, 177Tm, 178Tm, 179Tm