Волфрам
74
W
Група
6
Период
6
Блок
d
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
74
74
110
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
74
Атомна маса
183.84
Масов номер
184
Категория
Преходни метали
Цвят
Сив
Радиоактивни
Не
From Swedish, tung sten meaning heavy stone
Кристална структура
Центрове центрирани кубични
История
Torbern Bergman obtained from scheelite an oxide of a new element in 1781.
In 1783, José and Fausto Elhuyar found an acid made from wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid.
Later that year, in Spain, the brothers succeeded in isolating tungsten by reduction of this acid with charcoal, and they are credited with the discovery of the element.
In 1783, José and Fausto Elhuyar found an acid made from wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid.
Later that year, in Spain, the brothers succeeded in isolating tungsten by reduction of this acid with charcoal, and they are credited with the discovery of the element.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Електронна конфигурация
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
The chemical symbol, W, comes from the original name of the element, Wolfram
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
19.25 g/cm3
Температура на топене
3695.15 K | 3422 °C | 6191.6 °F
Температура на кипене
5828.15 K | 5555 °C | 10031 °F
Топлина на сливането
35 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
800 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.132 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.00011%
Изобилие в вселената
5×10-8%
Номер на CAS
7440-33-7
Номер на PubChem CID
23964
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
139 pm
Ковалентен радиус
162 pm
Електроотрицателност
2.36 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
7.864 eV
Моларен обем
9.53 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
1.74 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Приложения
Tungsten and its alloys are widely used for filaments in electric bulbs and electronic tubes.
Tungsten carbide is of great importance to the metal-working, mining, and petroleum industries.
Tungsten oxides are used in ceramic glazes and calcium/magnesium tungstates are used widely in fluorescent lighting.
Tungsten carbide is of great importance to the metal-working, mining, and petroleum industries.
Tungsten oxides are used in ceramic glazes and calcium/magnesium tungstates are used widely in fluorescent lighting.
Tungsten is considered to be of low toxicity
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
180W, 182W, 183W, 184W, 186WНестабилни изотопи
158W, 159W, 160W, 161W, 162W, 163W, 164W, 165W, 166W, 167W, 168W, 169W, 170W, 171W, 172W, 173W, 174W, 175W, 176W, 177W, 178W, 179W, 181W, 185W, 187W, 188W, 189W, 190W, 191W, 192W