Торий
90
Th
Група
Неизвестно
Период
7
Блок
f
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
90
90
142
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
90
Атомна маса
232.03806
Масов номер
232
Категория
Актиниди
Цвят
Сребърен
Радиоактивни
Да
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Кристална структура
Кубична стенноцентрирана решетка
История
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Електронна конфигурация
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
11.7 g/cm3
Температура на топене
2115.15 K | 1842 °C | 3347.6 °F
Температура на кипене
5061.15 K | 4788 °C | 8650.4 °F
Топлина на сливането
16 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
530 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.113 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.0006%
Изобилие в вселената
4×10-8%
Кредити за снимката: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
Номер на CAS
7440-29-1
Номер на PubChem CID
23960
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
179 pm
Ковалентен радиус
206 pm
Електроотрицателност
1.3 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
6.3067 eV
Моларен обем
19.9 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.54 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
2, 3, 4
Приложения
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
232ThНестабилни изотопи
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th