Алуминий
13
Al
Група
13
Период
3
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
13
13
14
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
13
Атомна маса
26.9815386
Масов номер
27
Категория
След преходни метали
Цвят
Сребърен
Радиоактивни
Не
From the Latin word alumen, alum
Кристална структура
Кубична стенноцентрирана решетка
История
In 1761, Guyton de Morveau proposed the name alumine for the base in alum, and Antoine Lavoisier, in 1787, thought this to be the oxide of a still undiscovered metal.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 3
Електронна конфигурация
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Aluminum does not stick to magnets under normal conditions
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
2.698 g/cm3
Температура на топене
933.47 K | 660.32 °C | 1220.58 °F
Температура на кипене
2792.15 K | 2519 °C | 4566.2 °F
Топлина на сливането
10.7 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
293 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.897 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
8.1%
Изобилие в вселената
0.005%
Номер на CAS
7429-90-5
Номер на PubChem CID
5359268
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
143 pm
Ковалентен радиус
121 pm
Електроотрицателност
1.61 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
5.9858 eV
Моларен обем
9.98 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
2.37 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
1, 3
Приложения
Aluminum is used in an extensive range of products from drinks cans to window frames and boats to aircraft.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
Aluminum is not known to be toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
27AlНестабилни изотопи
21Al, 22Al, 23Al, 24Al, 25Al, 26Al, 28Al, 29Al, 30Al, 31Al, 32Al, 33Al, 34Al, 35Al, 36Al, 37Al, 38Al, 39Al, 40Al, 41Al, 42Al