Цирконий
40
Zr
Група
4
Период
5
Блок
d
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
40
40
51
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
40
Атомна маса
91.224
Масов номер
91
Категория
Преходни метали
Цвят
Сребърен
Радиоактивни
Не
From the Persian zargun, gold like
Кристална структура
Обикновен шестоъгълник
История
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Електронна конфигурация
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
6.506 g/cm3
Температура на топене
2128.15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
Температура на кипене
4682.15 K | 4409 °C | 7968.2 °F
Топлина на сливането
21 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
580 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.278 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.013%
Изобилие в вселената
5×10-6%
Кредити за снимката: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
Номер на CAS
7440-67-7
Номер на PubChem CID
23995
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
160 pm
Ковалентен радиус
175 pm
Електроотрицателност
1.33 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
6.6339 eV
Моларен обем
14.0 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.227 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
1, 2, 3, 4
Приложения
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94ZrНестабилни изотопи
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr