Ниобий
41
Nb
Група
5
Период
5
Блок
d
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
41
41
52
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
41
Атомна маса
92.90638
Масов номер
93
Категория
Преходни метали
Цвят
Сив
Радиоактивни
Не
Named after Niobe, the daughter of Tantalu
Кристална структура
Центрове центрирани кубични
История
Niobium was discovered by the English chemist Charles Hatchett in 1801 and named the new element columbium.
In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.
The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.
The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Електронна конфигурация
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Brazil is the leading producer of niobium
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
8.57 g/cm3
Температура на топене
2750.15 K | 2477 °C | 4490.6 °F
Температура на кипене
5017.15 K | 4744 °C | 8571.2 °F
Топлина на сливането
26.8 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
690 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.265 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.0017%
Изобилие в вселената
2×10-7%
Номер на CAS
7440-03-1
Номер на PubChem CID
23936
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
146 pm
Ковалентен радиус
164 pm
Електроотрицателност
1.6 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
6.7589 eV
Моларен обем
10.87 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.537 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
-1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Приложения
Niobium is used in arc-welding rods for stabilized grades of stainless steel.
Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.
The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.
Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.
The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.
Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Some niobium compounds are highly toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
93NbНестабилни изотопи
81Nb, 82Nb, 83Nb, 84Nb, 85Nb, 86Nb, 87Nb, 88Nb, 89Nb, 90Nb, 91Nb, 92Nb, 94Nb, 95Nb, 96Nb, 97Nb, 98Nb, 99Nb, 100Nb, 101Nb, 102Nb, 103Nb, 104Nb, 105Nb, 106Nb, 107Nb, 108Nb, 109Nb, 110Nb, 111Nb, 112Nb, 113Nb