Йод
53
I
Група
17
Период
5
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
53
53
74
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
53
Атомна маса
126.90447
Масов номер
127
Категория
Халогени
Цвят
Сив шаблон
Радиоактивни
Не
From the Greek word iodes, violet
Кристална структура
Основно центрирано ортормомично
История
Iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811.
He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color.
In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.
He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color.
In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 18, 7
Електронна конфигурация
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
Kelp was the main source of natural iodine in the 18th and 19th centuries
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
4.93 g/cm3
Температура на топене
386.85 K | 113.7 °C | 236.66 °F
Температура на кипене
457.4 K | 184.25 °C | 363.65 °F
Топлина на сливането
7.76 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
20.9 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.214 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.000049%
Изобилие в вселената
1×10-7%
Номер на CAS
7553-56-2
Номер на PubChem CID
807
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
140 pm
Ковалентен радиус
139 pm
Електроотрицателност
2.66 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
10.4513 eV
Моларен обем
25.74 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.00449 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
-1, 1, 3, 5, 7
Приложения
Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine.
A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds.
Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film.
Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease.
A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds.
Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film.
Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease.
Elemental iodine is toxic if taken orally
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
127IНестабилни изотопи
108I, 109I, 110I, 111I, 112I, 113I, 114I, 115I, 116I, 117I, 118I, 119I, 120I, 121I, 122I, 123I, 124I, 125I, 126I, 128I, 129I, 130I, 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I, 135I, 136I, 137I, 138I, 139I, 140I, 141I, 142I, 143I, 144I