Кислород
8
O
Група
16
Период
2
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
8
8
8
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
8
Атомна маса
15.9994
Масов номер
16
Категория
Неметали
Цвят
Безцветен
Радиоактивни
Не
From the Greek word oxys, acid, and genes, forming
Кристална структура
Моноклинна центрирана в основата
История
Carl Wilhelm Scheele obtained oxygen by heating mercuric oxide and nitrates in 1771, but did not publish his findings until 1777.
Joseph Priestley also prepared this new air by 1774.
The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.
Joseph Priestley also prepared this new air by 1774.
The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 6
Електронна конфигурация
[He] 2s2 2p4
Green and red colors in the Aurora Borealis are caused by oxygen atoms
Физични свойства
Фаза
Газ
Плътност
0.001429 g/cm3
Температура на топене
54.36 K | -218.79 °C | -361.82 °F
Температура на кипене
90.2 K | -182.95 °C | -297.31 °F
Топлина на сливането
0.222 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
3.41 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.918 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
46%
Изобилие в вселената
1%
Номер на CAS
7782-44-7
Номер на PubChem CID
977
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
48 pm
Ковалентен радиус
66 pm
Електроотрицателност
3.44 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
13.6181 eV
Моларен обем
14.0 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.0002674 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
-2, -1, 1, 2
Приложения
Pure oxygen is frequently used to help breathing in patients with respiratory ailments.
Oxygen is used in oxyacetylene welding, as an oxidant for rocket fuel, and in methanol and ethylene oxide production.
It is also used in the production of steel, plastics and textiles.
Plants and animals rely on oxygen for respiration.
Oxygen is used in oxyacetylene welding, as an oxidant for rocket fuel, and in methanol and ethylene oxide production.
It is also used in the production of steel, plastics and textiles.
Plants and animals rely on oxygen for respiration.
Oxygen gas can be toxic at elevated partial pressures, leading to convulsions and other health problems
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
16O, 17O, 18OНестабилни изотопи
12O, 13O, 14O, 15O, 19O, 20O, 21O, 22O, 23O, 24O, 25O, 26O, 27O, 28O