Флуор
9
F
Група
17
Период
2
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
9
9
10
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
9
Атомна маса
18.9984032
Масов номер
19
Категория
Халогени
Цвят
Безцветен
Радиоактивни
Не
От латинската и фреснката fleure, поток, флукс
Кристална структура
Моноклинна центрирана в основата
История
In 1529, Georigius Agricola described the use of fluorspar as a flux.
In 1670 Heinrich Schwandhard found that glass was etched when exposed to fluorspar treated with acid.
In 1810, French scientist Andre-Marie Ampere proposed that fluoric acid was a compound of hydrogen with a new element.
The element was finally isolated in 1886 by Henri Moissan.
In 1670 Heinrich Schwandhard found that glass was etched when exposed to fluorspar treated with acid.
In 1810, French scientist Andre-Marie Ampere proposed that fluoric acid was a compound of hydrogen with a new element.
The element was finally isolated in 1886 by Henri Moissan.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 7
Електронна конфигурация
[He] 2s2 2p5
Fluorine reacts violently with water to produce oxygen
Физични свойства
Фаза
Газ
Плътност
0.001696 g/cm3
Температура на топене
53.53 K | -219.62 °C | -363.32 °F
Температура на кипене
85.03 K | -188.12 °C | -306.62 °F
Топлина на сливането
0.26 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
3.27 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.824 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.054%
Изобилие в вселената
0.00004%
Кредити за снимката: Images-of-elements
Fluorine gas, but only as photomontage, because fluorine reacts even with glass
Номер на CAS
7782-41-4
Номер на PubChem CID
24524
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
42 pm
Ковалентен радиус
64 pm
Електроотрицателност
3.98 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
17.4228 eV
Моларен обем
17.1 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.000279 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
-1
Приложения
Compounds of fluorine, including sodium fluoride, are used in toothpaste and in drinking water to prevent dental cavities.
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) now serve as replacements for CFC refrigerants.
Fluorine and its compounds are used in processing nuclear fuel.
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) now serve as replacements for CFC refrigerants.
Fluorine and its compounds are used in processing nuclear fuel.
Fluorine is highly toxic and corrosive
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
19FНестабилни изотопи
14F, 15F, 16F, 17F, 18F, 20F, 21F, 22F, 23F, 24F, 25F, 26F, 27F, 28F, 29F, 30F, 31F