Бисмут
83
Bi
Група
15
Период
6
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
83
83
126
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
83
Атомна маса
208.9804
Масов номер
209
Категория
След преходни метали
Цвят
Сив
Радиоактивни
Не
From the German Weisse Masse, meaning white mass
Кристална структура
Моноклинна центрирана в основата
История
Bismuth has been known since ancient times, so no one person is credited with its discovery.
The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements.
In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin.
The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements.
In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Електронна конфигурация
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Bismuth has unusually high electrical resistance for a metal
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
9.78 g/cm3
Температура на топене
544.65 K | 271.5 °C | 520.7 °F
Температура на кипене
1837.15 K | 1564 °C | 2847.2 °F
Топлина на сливането
10.9 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
160 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.122 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
2.5×10-6%
Изобилие в вселената
7×10-8%
Номер на CAS
7440-69-9
Номер на PubChem CID
5359367
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
156 pm
Ковалентен радиус
148 pm
Електроотрицателност
2.02 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
7.2856 eV
Моларен обем
21.3 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.0797 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
-3, 3, 5
Приложения
Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is used as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers.
Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes.
It has also been used as a replacement for lead in shot, bullets and less-lethal riot gun ammunition.
Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes.
It has also been used as a replacement for lead in shot, bullets and less-lethal riot gun ammunition.
Bismuth is considered to be non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
-Нестабилни изотопи
184Bi, 185Bi, 186Bi, 187Bi, 188Bi, 189Bi, 190Bi, 191Bi, 192Bi, 193Bi, 194Bi, 195Bi, 196Bi, 197Bi, 198Bi, 199Bi, 200Bi, 201Bi, 202Bi, 203Bi, 204Bi, 205Bi, 206Bi, 207Bi, 208Bi, 209Bi, 210Bi, 211Bi, 212Bi, 213Bi, 214Bi, 215Bi, 216Bi, 217Bi, 218Bi