Олово
82
Pb
Група
14
Период
6
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
82
82
125
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
82
Атомна маса
207.2
Масов номер
207
Категория
След преходни метали
Цвят
Сив шаблон
Радиоактивни
Не
From the Latin word plumbum
Кристална структура
Кубична стенноцентрирана решетка
История
Metallic lead beads dating back to 6400 BC have been found in Çatalhöyük in modern-day Turkey.
The Romans also used lead in molten form to secure iron pins that held together large limestone blocks in certain monumental buildings.
In alchemy, lead was thought to be the oldest metal and was associated with the planet Saturn.
The Romans also used lead in molten form to secure iron pins that held together large limestone blocks in certain monumental buildings.
In alchemy, lead was thought to be the oldest metal and was associated with the planet Saturn.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
Електронна конфигурация
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Pencil leads in wooden pencils have never been made from lead
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
11.342 g/cm3
Температура на топене
600.61 K | 327.46 °C | 621.43 °F
Температура на кипене
2022.15 K | 1749 °C | 3180.2 °F
Топлина на сливането
4.77 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
178 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.129 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.00099%
Изобилие в вселената
1×10-6%
Номер на CAS
7439-92-1
Номер на PubChem CID
5352425
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
175 pm
Ковалентен радиус
146 pm
Електроотрицателност
2.33 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
7.4167 eV
Моларен обем
18.17 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.353 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
-4, 2, 4
Приложения
Large quantities of lead, both as the metal and as the dioxide, are used in storage batteries.
Lead is used as electrodes in the process of electrolysis.
It is added to brass to reduce machine tool wear.
Lead, in either pure form or alloyed with tin, or antimony is the traditional material for bullets and shot in firearms use.
Lead is used as electrodes in the process of electrolysis.
It is added to brass to reduce machine tool wear.
Lead, in either pure form or alloyed with tin, or antimony is the traditional material for bullets and shot in firearms use.
Lead and its compounds are poisonous
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208PbНестабилни изотопи
178Pb, 179Pb, 180Pb, 181Pb, 182Pb, 183Pb, 184Pb, 185Pb, 186Pb, 187Pb, 188Pb, 189Pb, 190Pb, 191Pb, 192Pb, 193Pb, 194Pb, 195Pb, 196Pb, 197Pb, 198Pb, 199Pb, 200Pb, 201Pb, 202Pb, 203Pb, 205Pb, 209Pb, 210Pb, 211Pb, 212Pb, 213Pb, 214Pb, 215Pb