Талий
81
Tl
Група
13
Период
6
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
81
81
123
Главни свойства
Атомен номер
81
Атомна маса
204.3833
Масов номер
204
Категория
След преходни метали
Цвят
Сребърен
Радиоактивни
Не
From Greek thallos, meanin a green shoot or twig
Кристална структура
Обикновен шестоъгълник
История
Thallium was discovered spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
Електрон на обвивка
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Електронна конфигурация
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Agatha Christie made use of thallium's toxicity in her novel The Pale Horse
Физични свойства
Фаза
Твърди
Плътност
11.85 g/cm3
Температура на топене
577.15 K | 304 °C | 579.2 °F
Температура на кипене
1746.15 K | 1473 °C | 2683.4 °F
Топлина на сливането
4.2 kJ/mol
Топлина на изпаряване
165 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлинен капацитет
0.129 J/g·K
Изобилие в земната кора
0.000053%
Изобилие в вселената
5×10-8%
Номер на CAS
7440-28-0
Номер на PubChem CID
5359464
Атомни свойства
Атомен радиус
170 pm
Ковалентен радиус
145 pm
Електроотрицателност
1.62 (Скала на Полинг)
Йонизационен потенциал
6.1082 eV
Моларен обем
17.2 cm3/mol
Топлопроводимост
0.461 W/cm·K
Оксидационни държави
1, 3
Приложения
Thallium selenide has been used in a bolometer for infrared detection.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium and its compounds are highly toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
203Tl, 205TlНестабилни изотопи
176Tl, 177Tl, 178Tl, 179Tl, 180Tl, 181Tl, 182Tl, 183Tl, 184Tl, 185Tl, 186Tl, 187Tl, 188Tl, 189Tl, 190Tl, 191Tl, 192Tl, 193Tl, 194Tl, 195Tl, 196Tl, 197Tl, 198Tl, 199Tl, 200Tl, 201Tl, 202Tl, 204Tl, 206Tl, 207Tl, 208Tl, 209Tl, 210Tl, 211Tl, 212Tl